11th NCERT/CBSE Straight Lines Exercise 10.1 Questions 14

Contact US     Exercise:-     10.1     10.2     10.3     10.4     10.5     Miscellaneous maths index

Question (1)

Draw a quadrilateral in the Cartesian plane, whose vertices are (–4, 5), (0, 7), (5, –5) and (–4, –2). Also, find its area.

Solution

Let ABCD be the given quadrilateral with vertices A (–4, 5), B (0, 7), C (5, –5), and D (–4, –2).
Then, by plotting A, B, C, and D on the Cartesian plane and joining AB, BC, CD, and DA, the given quadrilateral can be drawn as

To find the area of quadrilateral ABCD, we draw one diagonal, say AC.
Accordingly, area (ABCD) = area (ΔABC) + area (ΔACD)
We know that the area of a triangle whose vertices are (x₁, y₁), (x₂, y₂), and (x₃, y₃) is
$\frac{1}{2}\left| {{x_1}\left( {{y_2} - {y_3}} \right) + {x_2}\left( {{y_3} - {y_1}} \right) + {x_3}\left( {{y_1} - {y_2}} \right)} \right|$
Therefore, area of ΔABC
$ = \frac{1}{2}\left| { - 4\left( {7 + 5} \right) + 0\left( { - 5 - 5} \right) + 5\left( {5 - 7} \right)} \right|uni{t^2}$
$ = \frac{1}{2}\left| { - 4\left( {12} \right) + 5\left( { - 2} \right)} \right|uni{t^2}$
$ = \frac{1}{2}\left| { - 48 - 10} \right|uni{t^2}$
$ = \frac{1}{2}\left| { - 58} \right|uni{t^2}$
$ = \frac{1}{2} \times 58 = 29uni{t^2}$
Area of ΔACD
$ = \frac{1}{2}\left| { - 4\left( { - 5 + 2} \right) + 5\left( { - 2 - 5} \right) + \left( { - 4} \right)\left( {5 + 5} \right)} \right|uni{t^2}\] $ = \frac{1}{2}\left| { - 4\left( { - 3} \right) + 5\left( { - 7} \right) + \left( { - 4} \right)\left( {10} \right)} \right|uni{t^2}$ $ = \frac{1}{2}\left| {12 - 35 - 40} \right|uni{t^2}$ $ = \frac{1}{2}\left| { - 63} \right|uni{t^2}$ $ = \frac{{63}}{2}uni{t^2}$ Thus, area (ABCD) $ = \left( {29 + \frac{{63}}{2}} \right)uni{t^2}$
$ = \left( {\frac{{58 + 63}}{2}} \right)uni{t^2} = \frac{{121}}{2}uni{t^2}$

Question (2)

The base of an equilateral triangle with side 2a lies along they y-axis such that the mid point of the base is at the origin. Find vertices of the triangle.

Solution

Let ΔABC is equalateral traingle with sider 2R
AB = BC = 2a
O is mid point of $\overline {BC} $
OB = OC = a
Co-ordinate of B(0, a) and c(0, -a)
In Δ; OAB, ∠B=90
By Pythagoras theorem
OB² + OA² = AB²
a² + OA² = (2a)²
OA² = 4a² - a² = 3a²
$OA = \pm \sqrt 3 a$
∴ co-ordinate of $A = \left( {\sqrt 3 a,0} \right)$ or $\left( { - \sqrt 3 a,0} \right)$

Question (3)

Find the distance between P(x₁, y₁) and Q(x₂, y₂) and when: (i) PQ is parallel to the y-axis, (ii) PQ is parallel to the x-axis.

Solution

The given points are P(x₁, y₁) and Q(x₂, y₂)
(i) When PQ is parallel to the y-axis, x₁ = x₂.
In this case, distance between P and Q $ = \sqrt {{{\left( {{x_2} - {x_1}} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {{y_2} - {y_1}} \right)}^2}} $
$ = \sqrt {{{\left( {{y_2} - {y_1}} \right)}^2}} = \left| {{y_2} - {y_1}} \right|$

(ii) When PQ is parallel to the x-axis, y₁ = y₂.
In this case, distance between P and Q
$ = \sqrt {{{\left( {{x_2} - {x_1}} \right)}^2} + {{\left( {{y_2} - {y_1}} \right)}^2}} $
\[ = \sqrt {{{\left( {{x_2} - {x_1}} \right)}^2}} = \left| {{x_2} - {x_1}} \right|\]

Question (4)

Find a point on the x-axis, which is equidistant from the points (7, 6) and (3, 4).

Solution

Let P ∈ x-axis
∴ co-ordinate of P(x, 0)
It is eqidistance from A(7, 6) and B(3, 4)
∴ PA = PB
PA² = PB²
∴ (x-7)² + (0-6)² = (x-3)² + (0-4)²
x² - 14x +49+36 = x² - 6x +9+16
-8x = 25 -85
-8x = -60
$x = \frac{{60}}{8} = \frac{{15}}{2}$
Co-ordinate od P is $\left( {\frac{{15}}{2},0} \right)$

Question (5)

Find the slope of a line, which passes through the origin, and the mid-point of the line segment joining the points P (0, –4) and B (8, 0).

Solution

The coordinates of the mid-point of the line segment joining the points
P (0, –4) and B (8, 0) are $\left( {\frac{{0 + 8}}{2},\frac{{ - 4 + 0}}{2}} \right) = \left( {4, - 2} \right)$
It is known that the slope (m) of a non-vertical line passing through the points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) is given by $m = \frac{{{y_2} - {y_1}}}{{{x_2} - {x_1}}},{x_2} \ne {x_1}$
Therefore, the slope of the line passing through (0, 0) and (4, –2) is
$\frac{{ - 2 - 0}}{{4 - 0}} = \frac{{ - 2}}{4} = - \frac{1}{2}$
Hence, the required slope of the line is $ - \frac{1}{2}$

Question (6)

Without using the Pythagoras theorem, show that the points (4, 4), (3, 5) and (–1, –1) are the vertices of a right angled triangle.

Solution

The vertices of the given triangle are A (4, 4), B (3, 5), and C (–1, –1).
It is known that the slope (m) of a non-vertical line passing through the points (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) is given by
$m = \frac{{{y_2} - {y_1}}}{{{x_2} - {x_1}}},{x_2} \ne {x_1}$
∴ Slope of AB ${m_1} = \frac{{5 - 4}}{{3 - 4}} = - 1$
Slope of BC ${m_2} = \frac{{ - 1 - 5}}{{ - 1 - 3}} = \frac{{ - 6}}{{ - 4}} = \frac{3}{2}$
Slope of CA ${m_3} = \frac{{4 + 1}}{{4 + 1}} = 1$
It is observed that m₁m₃ = –1
This shows that line segments AB and CA are perpendicular to each other i.e., the given triangle is right-angled at A (4, 4).
Thus, the points (4, 4), (3, 5), and (–1, –1) are the vertices of a right-angled triangle.

Question (7)

Find the slope of the line, which makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of y-axis measured anticlockwise.

Solution

If a line makes an angle of 30° with the positive direction of the y-axis measured anticlockwise, then the angle made by the line with the positive direction of the x-axis measured anticlockwise is 90° + 30° = 120°.
Thus, the slope of the given line is tan 120° = tan (180° – 60°) = –tan 60° = -√3

Question (8)

Find the value of x for which the points (x, –1), (2, 1) and (4, 5) are collinear.

Solution

If points A (x, –1), B (2, 1), and C (4, 5) are collinear, then
Slope of AB = Slope of BC
\[ \Rightarrow \frac{{1 - \left( { - 1} \right)}}{{2 - x}} = \frac{{5 - 1}}{{4 - 2}}\] \[ \Rightarrow \frac{{1 + 1}}{{2 - x}} = \frac{4}{2}\] \[ \Rightarrow \frac{2}{{2 - x}} = 2\] \[ \Rightarrow 2 = 4 - 2x\] \[ \Rightarrow 2x = 2\] \[ \Rightarrow x = 1\] Thus, the required value of x is 1.

Question (9)

Without using distance formula, show that points (–2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3) and (–3, 2) are vertices of a parallelogram.

Solution

Let points (–2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3), and (–3, 2) be respectively denoted by A, B, C, and D.

Slope of AB $ = \frac{{0 + 1}}{{4 + 2}} = \frac{1}{6}$
Slope of CD $ = \frac{{2 - 3}}{{ - 3 - 3}} = \frac{{ - 1}}{{ - 6}} = \frac{1}{6}$
⇒ Slope of AB = Slope of CD
⇒ AB and CD are parallel to each other
Now, slope of BC $ = \frac{{3 - 0}}{{3 - 4}} = \frac{3}{{ - 1}} = - 3$
Slope of AD $ = \frac{{2 + 1}}{{ - 3 + 2}} = \frac{3}{{ - 1}} = - 3$
⇒ Slope of BC = Slope of AD
⇒ BC and AD are parallel to each other.
Therefore, both pairs of opposite sides of quadrilateral ABCD are parallel. Hence, ABCD is a parallelogram.
Thus, points (–2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3), and (–3, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram.

Question (10)

Find the angle between the x-axis and the line joining the points (3, –1) and (4, –2).

Solution

The slope of the line joining the points (3, –1) and (4, –2) is
$m = \frac{{ - 2 - \left( { - 1} \right)}}{{4 - 3}} = - 2 + 1 = - 1$
Now, the inclination (θ) of the line joining the points (3, –1) and (4, – 2) is given by
tan θ = –1
⇒ θ = (90° + 45°) = 135°
Thus, the angle between the x-axis and the line joining the points (3, –1) and (4, –2) is 135°.

Question (11)

The slope of a line is double of the slope of another line. If tangent of the angle between them is $\frac{1}{3}$, find the slopes of he lines.

Solution

Let m₁ and m be the slopes of the two given lines such that m₁ = 2m.
We know that if θisthe angle between the lines l₁ and l₂ with slopes m₁ and m₂, then
$\tan \theta = \left| {\frac{{{m_2} - {m_1}}}{{1 + {m_1}{m_2}}}} \right|$
It is given that the tangent of the angle between the two lines is $\frac{1}{3}$
$ \therefore \frac{1}{3} = \left| {\frac{{m - 2m}}{{1 + \left( {2m} \right)m}}} \right|$
$ \Rightarrow \frac{1}{3} = \left| {\frac{{ - m}}{{1 + 2{m^2}}}} \right|$
$ \Rightarrow \frac{1}{3} = \frac{{ - m}}{{1 + 2{m^2}}}\;or \;\frac{1}{3} = - \left( {\frac{{ - m}}{{1 + 2{m^2}}}} \right) = \frac{m}{{1 + 2{m^2}}}$
Case I
$ \Rightarrow \frac{1}{3} = \frac{{ - m}}{{1 + 2{m^2}}}$ ⇒ 1+2m² = -3m
⇒ 2m² + 3m +1 = 0
⇒ 2m² + 2m + m + 1 = 0
⇒ 2m(m+1) + 1(m+1) = 0
⇒ (m+1) (2m+1) = 0
⇒ m = -1 or m $ = - \frac{1}{2}$
If m = -1, them the slopes of the lines are -1 and -2
If m $ = - \frac{1}{2}$ then the slope of the lines are $ = - \frac{1}{2}$ and -1

Case II
$\frac{1}{3} = \frac{m}{{1 + 2{m^2}}}$
⇒ 2m² + 1 = 3m
⇒ 2m² - 3m + 1 = 0
⇒ 2m² -2m - m + 1 = 0
⇒ 2m(m-1) -1(m-1) = 0
⇒ m =1 and m $ = \frac{1}{2}$
If m = 1, then the slopes of the lines are 1 and 2.
If m $ = \frac{1}{2}$, then the slopes of the lines are $ = \frac{1}{2}$ and 1
Hence, the slopes of the lines are –1 and –2 or $ = - \frac{1}{2}$ and -1 or 1 and 2 or $ = \frac{1}{2}$

Question (12)

A line passes through (x₁, y₁) and(h, k) If slope of the line is m, show that k-y₁ = m(h-x₁)

Solution

The slope of the line passing through (x₁, y₁) and(h, k) $\frac{{k - {y_1}}}{{h - {x_1}}}$
It is given that the slope of the line is m.
$ \therefore \frac{{k - {y_1}}}{{h - {x_1}}} = m$
$ \Rightarrow k - {y_1} = m\left( {h - {x_1}} \right)$
Hence $ \Rightarrow k - {y_1} = m\left( {h - {x_1}} \right)$

Question (13)

If three point (h, 0), (a, b) and (0, k) lie on a line, show that $\frac{a}{h} + \frac{b}{k} = 1$

Solution

If the points A (h, 0), B (a, b), and C (0, k) lie on a line, then
Slope of AB = Slope of BC
$\frac{{b - 0}}{{a - h}} = \frac{{k - b}}{{0 - a}}$
$ \Rightarrow \frac{b}{{a - h}} = \frac{{k - b}}{{ - a}}$
$ \Rightarrow - ab = \left( {k - b} \right)\left( {a - h} \right)$
$ \Rightarrow - ab = ka - kh - ab + bh$
$ \Rightarrow ka + bh = kh$
On dividing both sides by kh, we obtain
$\frac{{ka}}{{kh}} + \frac{{bh}}{{kh}} = \frac{{kh}}{{kh}}$
$ \Rightarrow \frac{a}{h} + \frac{h}{k} = 1$
Hence $\frac{a}{h} + \frac{h}{k} = 1$

Question (14)

Consider the given population and year graph. Find the slope of the line AB and using it, find what will be the population in the year 2010?

Solution

Since line AB passes through points A (1985, 92) and B (1995, 97), its slope is
$\frac{{97 - 92}}{{1995 - 1985}} = \frac{5}{{10}} = \frac{1}{2}$
Let y be the population in the year 2010. Then, according to the given graph, line AB must pass through point C (2010, y).
∴ Slope of AB = Slope of BC
$ \Rightarrow \frac{1}{2} = \frac{{y - 97}}{{2010 - 1995}}$
$ \Rightarrow \frac{1}{2} = \frac{{y - 97}}{{15}}$
⇒ y - 97 = 7.5
⇒ y = 7.5+97 = 104.5
Thus, the slope of line AB is $\frac{1}{2}$, while in the year 2010, the population will be 104.5 crores.